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how-it-works/index.html
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<h1 id="how-it-works">How it works<a class="headerlink" href="#how-it-works" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1> <h1 id="how-it-works">How it works<a class="headerlink" href="#how-it-works" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>The objective of this document is to explain how the NGINX Ingress controller works, in particular how the NGINX model is built and why we need one.</p> <p>The objective of this document is to explain how the NGINX Ingress controller works, in particular how the NGINX model is built and why we need one.</p>
<h2 id="nginx-configuration">NGINX configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#nginx-configuration" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <h2 id="nginx-configuration">NGINX configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#nginx-configuration" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The goal of this Ingress controller is the assembly of a configuration file (nginx.conf). The main implication of this requirement is the need to reload NGINX after any change in the configuration file. <em>Though it is important to note that we don't reload Nginx on changes that impact only an <code class="codehilite">upstream</code> configuration (i.e Endpoints change when you deploy your app)</em>. We use https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module to achieve this. Check <a href="#avoiding-reloads-on-endpoints-changes">below</a> to learn more about how it's done.</p> <p>The goal of this Ingress controller is the assembly of a configuration file (nginx.conf). The main implication of this requirement is the need to reload NGINX after any change in the configuration file. <em>Though it is important to note that we don't reload Nginx on changes that impact only an <code class="codehilite">upstream</code> configuration (i.e Endpoints change when you deploy your app)</em>. We use <a href="https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module">lua-nginx-module</a> to achieve this. Check <a href="#avoiding-reloads-on-endpoints-changes">below</a> to learn more about how it's done.</p>
<h2 id="nginx-model">NGINX model<a class="headerlink" href="#nginx-model" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <h2 id="nginx-model">NGINX model<a class="headerlink" href="#nginx-model" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Usually, a Kubernetes Controller utilizes the <a href="https://coreos.com/kubernetes/docs/latest/replication-controller.html#the-reconciliation-loop-in-detail">synchronization loop pattern</a> to check if the desired state in the controller is updated or a change is required. To this purpose, we need to build a model using different objects from the cluster, in particular (in no special order) Ingresses, Services, Endpoints, Secrets, and Configmaps to generate a point in time configuration file that reflects the state of the cluster.</p> <p>Usually, a Kubernetes Controller utilizes the <a href="https://coreos.com/kubernetes/docs/latest/replication-controller.html#the-reconciliation-loop-in-detail">synchronization loop pattern</a> to check if the desired state in the controller is updated or a change is required. To this purpose, we need to build a model using different objects from the cluster, in particular (in no special order) Ingresses, Services, Endpoints, Secrets, and Configmaps to generate a point in time configuration file that reflects the state of the cluster.</p>
<p>To get this object from the cluster, we use <a href="https://godoc.org/k8s.io/client-go/informers#NewFilteredSharedInformerFactory">Kubernetes Informers</a>, in particular, <code class="codehilite">FilteredSharedInformer</code>. This informers allows reacting to changes in using <a href="https://godoc.org/k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache#ResourceEventHandlerFuncs">callbacks</a> to individual changes when a new object is added, modified or removed. Unfortunately, there is no way to know if a particular change is going to affect the final configuration file. Therefore on every change, we have to rebuild a new model from scratch based on the state of cluster and compare it to the current model. If the new model equals to the current one, then we avoid generating a new NGINX configuration and triggering a reload. Otherwise, we check if the difference is only about Endpoints. If so we then send the new list of Endpoints to a Lua handler running inside Nginx using HTTP POST request and again avoid generating a new NGINX configuration and triggering a reload. If the difference between running and new model is about more than just Endpoints we create a new NGINX configuration based on the new model, replace the current model and trigger a reload.</p> <p>To get this object from the cluster, we use <a href="https://godoc.org/k8s.io/client-go/informers#NewFilteredSharedInformerFactory">Kubernetes Informers</a>, in particular, <code class="codehilite">FilteredSharedInformer</code>. This informers allows reacting to changes in using <a href="https://godoc.org/k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache#ResourceEventHandlerFuncs">callbacks</a> to individual changes when a new object is added, modified or removed. Unfortunately, there is no way to know if a particular change is going to affect the final configuration file. Therefore on every change, we have to rebuild a new model from scratch based on the state of cluster and compare it to the current model. If the new model equals to the current one, then we avoid generating a new NGINX configuration and triggering a reload. Otherwise, we check if the difference is only about Endpoints. If so we then send the new list of Endpoints to a Lua handler running inside Nginx using HTTP POST request and again avoid generating a new NGINX configuration and triggering a reload. If the difference between running and new model is about more than just Endpoints we create a new NGINX configuration based on the new model, replace the current model and trigger a reload.</p>

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<lastmod>2019-07-10</lastmod> <lastmod>2019-07-12</lastmod>
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<changefreq>daily</changefreq> <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
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user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/index.html
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Proxy buffer size Proxy buffer size
</a> </a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#proxy-http-version" title="Proxy HTTP version" class="md-nav__link">
Proxy HTTP version
</a>
</li> </li>
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Proxy buffer size Proxy buffer size
</a> </a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#proxy-http-version" title="Proxy HTTP version" class="md-nav__link">
Proxy HTTP version
</a>
</li> </li>
<li class="md-nav__item"> <li class="md-nav__item">
@ -2098,6 +2112,10 @@ table below.</p>
<td>string</td> <td>string</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td><a href="#proxy-http-version">nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-http-version</a></td>
<td>"1.0" or "1.1"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="#enable-rewrite-log">nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/enable-rewrite-log</a></td> <td><a href="#enable-rewrite-log">nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/enable-rewrite-log</a></td>
<td>"true" or "false"</td> <td>"true" or "false"</td>
</tr> </tr>
@ -2643,6 +2661,12 @@ By default proxy buffer size is set as "4k"</p>
<p>To configure this setting globally, set <code class="codehilite">proxy-buffer-size</code> in <a href="../configmap/#proxy-buffer-size">NGINX ConfigMap</a>. To use custom values in an Ingress rule, define this annotation: <p>To configure this setting globally, set <code class="codehilite">proxy-buffer-size</code> in <a href="../configmap/#proxy-buffer-size">NGINX ConfigMap</a>. To use custom values in an Ingress rule, define this annotation:
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-buffer-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;8k&quot;</span> <div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-buffer-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;8k&quot;</span>
</pre></div></p> </pre></div></p>
<h3 id="proxy-http-version">Proxy HTTP version<a class="headerlink" href="#proxy-http-version" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Using this annotation sets the <a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_http_version"><code class="codehilite">proxy_http_version</code></a> that the Nginx reverse proxy will use to communicate with the backend.
By default this is set to "1.1".</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-http-version</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;1.0&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
<h3 id="ssl-ciphers">SSL ciphers<a class="headerlink" href="#ssl-ciphers" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <h3 id="ssl-ciphers">SSL ciphers<a class="headerlink" href="#ssl-ciphers" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Specifies the <a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_ciphers">enabled ciphers</a>.</p> <p>Specifies the <a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_ciphers">enabled ciphers</a>.</p>
<p>Using this annotation will set the <code class="codehilite">ssl_ciphers</code> directive at the server level. This configuration is active for all the paths in the host.</p> <p>Using this annotation will set the <code class="codehilite">ssl_ciphers</code> directive at the server level. This configuration is active for all the paths in the host.</p>