From 3b3cf8b331f221969a2bd89a24a502507583f87b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Apoorva Kulkarni Date: Thu, 11 May 2023 08:39:03 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Use dl.k8s.io instead of hardcoded GCS URIs (#9946) --- .github/workflows/ci.yaml | 2 +- images/test-runner/rootfs/Dockerfile | 4 ++-- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml index 77232aa88..19d39ab70 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ jobs: run: | sudo apt-get -qq update || true sudo apt-get install -y pigz - curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.25.5/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl + curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.25.5/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl chmod +x ./kubectl sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl diff --git a/images/test-runner/rootfs/Dockerfile b/images/test-runner/rootfs/Dockerfile index 0b691a7d2..8574f8752 100644 --- a/images/test-runner/rootfs/Dockerfile +++ b/images/test-runner/rootfs/Dockerfile @@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ RUN luarocks install busted \ && luarocks install luacheck RUN wget -qO /usr/local/bin/kubectl \ - https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/${K8S_RELEASE}/bin/linux/${TARGETARCH}/kubectl \ + https://dl.k8s.io/release/${K8S_RELEASE}/bin/linux/${TARGETARCH}/kubectl \ && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/kubectl RUN wget -qO /usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \ - https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/${K8S_RELEASE}/bin/linux/${TARGETARCH}/kube-apiserver \ + https://dl.k8s.io/release/${K8S_RELEASE}/bin/linux/${TARGETARCH}/kube-apiserver \ && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver RUN wget -qO /tmp/ct-${CHART_TESTING_VERSION}-linux-${TARGETARCH}.tar.gz \ From 06612e6ffd044171e33b5e8315b9605eb8730c55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marco Ebert Date: Thu, 11 May 2023 18:37:03 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 2/6] HPA: Use capabilites & align manifests. (#9521) --- charts/ingress-nginx/README.md | 2 - .../templates/controller-hpa.yaml | 27 +++++------- .../templates/default-backend-hpa.yaml | 41 ++++++++++--------- charts/ingress-nginx/values.yaml | 2 - 4 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) diff --git a/charts/ingress-nginx/README.md b/charts/ingress-nginx/README.md index 2c2dd2f37..d79ad38cd 100644 --- a/charts/ingress-nginx/README.md +++ b/charts/ingress-nginx/README.md @@ -273,7 +273,6 @@ As of version `1.26.0` of this chart, by simply not providing any clusterIP valu | controller.allowSnippetAnnotations | bool | `true` | This configuration defines if Ingress Controller should allow users to set their own *-snippet annotations, otherwise this is forbidden / dropped when users add those annotations. Global snippets in ConfigMap are still respected | | controller.annotations | object | `{}` | Annotations to be added to the controller Deployment or DaemonSet # | | controller.autoscaling.annotations | object | `{}` | | -| controller.autoscaling.apiVersion | string | `"autoscaling/v2"` | | | controller.autoscaling.behavior | object | `{}` | | | controller.autoscaling.enabled | bool | `false` | | | controller.autoscaling.maxReplicas | int | `11` | | @@ -435,7 +434,6 @@ As of version `1.26.0` of this chart, by simply not providing any clusterIP valu | controller.watchIngressWithoutClass | bool | `false` | Process Ingress objects without ingressClass annotation/ingressClassName field Overrides value for --watch-ingress-without-class flag of the controller binary Defaults to false | | defaultBackend.affinity | object | `{}` | | | defaultBackend.autoscaling.annotations | object | `{}` | | -| defaultBackend.autoscaling.apiVersion | string | `"autoscaling/v2"` | | | defaultBackend.autoscaling.enabled | bool | `false` | | | defaultBackend.autoscaling.maxReplicas | int | `2` | | | defaultBackend.autoscaling.minReplicas | int | `1` | | diff --git a/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/controller-hpa.yaml b/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/controller-hpa.yaml index d1e78bdfc..96a91f533 100644 --- a/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/controller-hpa.yaml +++ b/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/controller-hpa.yaml @@ -1,12 +1,9 @@ -{{- if and .Values.controller.autoscaling.enabled (or (eq .Values.controller.kind "Deployment") (eq .Values.controller.kind "Both")) -}} -{{- if not .Values.controller.keda.enabled }} - -apiVersion: {{ .Values.controller.autoscaling.apiVersion }} +{{- if and (or (eq .Values.controller.kind "Deployment") (eq .Values.controller.kind "Both")) .Values.controller.autoscaling.enabled (not .Values.controller.keda.enabled) -}} +apiVersion: {{ ternary "autoscaling/v2" "autoscaling/v2beta2" (.Capabilities.APIVersions.Has "autoscaling/v2") }} kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler metadata: - annotations: {{- with .Values.controller.autoscaling.annotations }} - {{- toYaml . | trimSuffix "\n" | nindent 4 }} + annotations: {{ toYaml . | nindent 4 }} {{- end }} labels: {{- include "ingress-nginx.labels" . | nindent 4 }} @@ -24,14 +21,6 @@ spec: minReplicas: {{ .Values.controller.autoscaling.minReplicas }} maxReplicas: {{ .Values.controller.autoscaling.maxReplicas }} metrics: - {{- with .Values.controller.autoscaling.targetMemoryUtilizationPercentage }} - - type: Resource - resource: - name: memory - target: - type: Utilization - averageUtilization: {{ . }} - {{- end }} {{- with .Values.controller.autoscaling.targetCPUUtilizationPercentage }} - type: Resource resource: @@ -40,6 +29,14 @@ spec: type: Utilization averageUtilization: {{ . }} {{- end }} + {{- with .Values.controller.autoscaling.targetMemoryUtilizationPercentage }} + - type: Resource + resource: + name: memory + target: + type: Utilization + averageUtilization: {{ . }} + {{- end }} {{- with .Values.controller.autoscalingTemplate }} {{- toYaml . | nindent 2 }} {{- end }} @@ -48,5 +45,3 @@ spec: {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }} {{- end }} {{- end }} -{{- end }} - diff --git a/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/default-backend-hpa.yaml b/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/default-backend-hpa.yaml index 924125f07..faaf4fa75 100644 --- a/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/default-backend-hpa.yaml +++ b/charts/ingress-nginx/templates/default-backend-hpa.yaml @@ -1,37 +1,40 @@ {{- if and .Values.defaultBackend.enabled .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.enabled }} -apiVersion: {{ .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.apiVersion }} +apiVersion: {{ ternary "autoscaling/v2" "autoscaling/v2beta2" (.Capabilities.APIVersions.Has "autoscaling/v2") }} kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler metadata: + {{- with .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.annotations }} + annotations: {{ toYaml . | nindent 4 }} + {{- end }} labels: {{- include "ingress-nginx.labels" . | nindent 4 }} app.kubernetes.io/component: default-backend {{- with .Values.defaultBackend.labels }} {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }} {{- end }} - name: {{ template "ingress-nginx.defaultBackend.fullname" . }} + name: {{ include "ingress-nginx.defaultBackend.fullname" . }} namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }} spec: scaleTargetRef: apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment - name: {{ template "ingress-nginx.defaultBackend.fullname" . }} + name: {{ include "ingress-nginx.defaultBackend.fullname" . }} minReplicas: {{ .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.minReplicas }} maxReplicas: {{ .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.maxReplicas }} metrics: -{{- with .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.targetCPUUtilizationPercentage }} - - type: Resource - resource: - name: cpu - target: - type: Utilization - averageUtilization: {{ . }} -{{- end }} -{{- with .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.targetMemoryUtilizationPercentage }} - - type: Resource - resource: - name: memory - target: - type: Utilization - averageUtilization: {{ . }} -{{- end }} + {{- with .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.targetCPUUtilizationPercentage }} + - type: Resource + resource: + name: cpu + target: + type: Utilization + averageUtilization: {{ . }} + {{- end }} + {{- with .Values.defaultBackend.autoscaling.targetMemoryUtilizationPercentage }} + - type: Resource + resource: + name: memory + target: + type: Utilization + averageUtilization: {{ . }} + {{- end }} {{- end }} diff --git a/charts/ingress-nginx/values.yaml b/charts/ingress-nginx/values.yaml index 3a9629d63..a398b0503 100644 --- a/charts/ingress-nginx/values.yaml +++ b/charts/ingress-nginx/values.yaml @@ -326,7 +326,6 @@ controller: memory: 90Mi # Mutually exclusive with keda autoscaling autoscaling: - apiVersion: autoscaling/v2 enabled: false annotations: {} minReplicas: 1 @@ -838,7 +837,6 @@ defaultBackend: # emptyDir: {} autoscaling: - apiVersion: autoscaling/v2 annotations: {} enabled: false minReplicas: 1 From 98780d7eb85cb38a599637f5f02f45fef2906cd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: James Strong Date: Thu, 11 May 2023 15:45:05 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Update feature_request.md (#9951) --- .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md | 10 ---------- 1 file changed, 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md index 0e892d626..406a7ad0a 100644 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md +++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md @@ -7,16 +7,6 @@ assignees: '' --- - - From 55e37c6feaff0badaea6b04636e93494d899201f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: James Strong Date: Thu, 11 May 2023 15:47:05 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Update PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md (#9952) --- .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md | 34 +------------------------------- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 33 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md index e3781887a..c1c815678 100644 --- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md +++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ + ## What this PR does / why we need it: @@ -33,36 +34,3 @@ fixes # - [ ] I've read the [CONTRIBUTION](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) guide - [ ] I have added unit and/or e2e tests to cover my changes. - [ ] All new and existing tests passed. -- [ ] Added Release Notes. - -## Does my pull request need a release note? -Any user-visible or operator-visible change qualifies for a release note. This could be a: - -- CLI change -- API change -- UI change -- configuration schema change -- behavioral change -- change in non-functional attributes such as efficiency or availability, availability of a new platform -- a warning about a deprecation -- fix of a previous Known Issue -- fix of a vulnerability (CVE) - -No release notes are required for changes to the following: - -- Tests -- Build infrastructure -- Fixes for unreleased bugs - -For more tips on writing good release notes, check out the [Release Notes Handbook](https://github.com/kubernetes/sig-release/tree/master/release-team/role-handbooks/release-notes) - - -```release-note -PLACE RELEASE NOTES HERE -``` From bbf70c2a96999cc08194e31ea18d8baf5079aba7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 19 May 2023 08:24:30 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Bump google.golang.org/grpc from 1.54.0 to 1.55.0 (#9936) Bumps [google.golang.org/grpc](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go) from 1.54.0 to 1.55.0. - [Release notes](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/compare/v1.54.0...v1.55.0) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: google.golang.org/grpc dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> --- go.mod | 6 +++--- go.sum | 12 ++++++------ 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod index 9de23ba1a..0a03e522b 100644 --- a/go.mod +++ b/go.mod @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ require ( github.com/yudai/gojsondiff v1.0.0 github.com/zakjan/cert-chain-resolver v0.0.0-20211122211144-c6b0b792af9a golang.org/x/crypto v0.8.0 - google.golang.org/grpc v1.54.0 + google.golang.org/grpc v1.55.0 google.golang.org/grpc/examples v0.0.0-20221220003428-4f16fbe410f7 gopkg.in/go-playground/pool.v3 v3.1.1 gopkg.in/mcuadros/go-syslog.v2 v2.3.0 @@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ require ( go.starlark.net v0.0.0-20200306205701-8dd3e2ee1dd5 // indirect golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0 // indirect golang.org/x/net v0.9.0 // indirect - golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.5.0 // indirect + golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.6.0 // indirect golang.org/x/sys v0.7.0 // indirect golang.org/x/term v0.7.0 // indirect golang.org/x/text v0.9.0 // indirect golang.org/x/time v0.3.0 // indirect golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0 // indirect google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 // indirect - google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230110181048-76db0878b65f // indirect + google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230306155012-7f2fa6fef1f4 // indirect google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0 // indirect gopkg.in/go-playground/assert.v1 v1.2.1 // indirect gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum index da99bd248..e602f477b 100644 --- a/go.sum +++ b/go.sum @@ -468,8 +468,8 @@ golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4Iltr golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20191202225959-858c2ad4c8b6/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw= golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20200107190931-bf48bf16ab8d/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw= golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20210514164344-f6687ab2804c/go.mod h1:KelEdhl1UZF7XfJ4dDtk6s++YSgaE7mD/BuKKDLBl4A= -golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.5.0 h1:HuArIo48skDwlrvM3sEdHXElYslAMsf3KwRkkW4MC4s= -golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.5.0/go.mod h1:9/XBHVqLaWO3/BRHs5jbpYCnOZVjj5V0ndyaAM7KB4I= +golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.6.0 h1:Lh8GPgSKBfWSwFvtuWOfeI3aAAnbXTSutYxJiOJFgIw= +golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.6.0/go.mod h1:ycmewcwgD4Rpr3eZJLSB4Kyyljb3qDh40vJ8STE5HKw= golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM= golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM= golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM= @@ -650,8 +650,8 @@ google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200729003335-053ba62fc06f/go.mod h1:FWY/as6D google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200804131852-c06518451d9c/go.mod h1:FWY/as6DDZQgahTzZj3fqbO1CbirC29ZNUFHwi0/+no= google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200825200019-8632dd797987/go.mod h1:FWY/as6DDZQgahTzZj3fqbO1CbirC29ZNUFHwi0/+no= google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20201019141844-1ed22bb0c154/go.mod h1:FWY/as6DDZQgahTzZj3fqbO1CbirC29ZNUFHwi0/+no= -google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230110181048-76db0878b65f h1:BWUVssLB0HVOSY78gIdvk1dTVYtT1y8SBWtPYuTJ/6w= -google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230110181048-76db0878b65f/go.mod h1:RGgjbofJ8xD9Sq1VVhDM1Vok1vRONV+rg+CjzG4SZKM= +google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230306155012-7f2fa6fef1f4 h1:DdoeryqhaXp1LtT/emMP1BRJPHHKFi5akj/nbx/zNTA= +google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230306155012-7f2fa6fef1f4/go.mod h1:NWraEVixdDnqcqQ30jipen1STv2r/n24Wb7twVTGR4s= google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c= google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.1/go.mod h1:10oTOabMzJvdu6/UiuZezV6QK5dSlG84ov/aaiqXj38= google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.1/go.mod h1:oYelfM1adQP15Ek0mdvEgi9Df8B9CZIaU1084ijfRaM= @@ -664,8 +664,8 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.28.0/go.mod h1:rpkK4SK4GF4Ach/+MFLZUBavHOvF2JJB5uozKKa google.golang.org/grpc v1.29.1/go.mod h1:itym6AZVZYACWQqET3MqgPpjcuV5QH3BxFS3IjizoKk= google.golang.org/grpc v1.30.0/go.mod h1:N36X2cJ7JwdamYAgDz+s+rVMFjt3numwzf/HckM8pak= google.golang.org/grpc v1.31.0/go.mod h1:N36X2cJ7JwdamYAgDz+s+rVMFjt3numwzf/HckM8pak= -google.golang.org/grpc v1.54.0 h1:EhTqbhiYeixwWQtAEZAxmV9MGqcjEU2mFx52xCzNyag= -google.golang.org/grpc v1.54.0/go.mod h1:PUSEXI6iWghWaB6lXM4knEgpJNu2qUcKfDtNci3EC2g= +google.golang.org/grpc v1.55.0 h1:3Oj82/tFSCeUrRTg/5E/7d/W5A1tj6Ky1ABAuZuv5ag= +google.golang.org/grpc v1.55.0/go.mod h1:iYEXKGkEBhg1PjZQvoYEVPTDkHo1/bjTnfwTeGONTY8= google.golang.org/grpc/examples v0.0.0-20221220003428-4f16fbe410f7 h1:pPsdyuBif+uoyUoL19yuj/TCfUPsmpJHJZhWQ98JGLU= google.golang.org/grpc/examples v0.0.0-20221220003428-4f16fbe410f7/go.mod h1:8pQa1yxxkh+EsxUK8/455D5MSbv3vgmEJqKCH3y17mI= google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8= From 0dd1cf74600a49ccb5b416da5f3fe7b96ef40d06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 19 May 2023 08:26:30 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Bump github.com/prometheus/client_model from 0.3.0 to 0.4.0 (#9937) Bumps [github.com/prometheus/client_model](https://github.com/prometheus/client_model) from 0.3.0 to 0.4.0. - [Release notes](https://github.com/prometheus/client_model/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/prometheus/client_model/compare/v0.3.0...v0.4.0) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: github.com/prometheus/client_model dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> --- go.mod | 2 +- go.sum | 4 ++-- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod index 0a03e522b..58b647b40 100644 --- a/go.mod +++ b/go.mod @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ require ( github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.1.7 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.15.0 - github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.3.0 + github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.4.0 github.com/prometheus/common v0.42.0 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.7.0 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum index e602f477b..908b21594 100644 --- a/go.sum +++ b/go.sum @@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1: github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA= github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA= github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA= -github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.3.0 h1:UBgGFHqYdG/TPFD1B1ogZywDqEkwp3fBMvqdiQ7Xew4= -github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.3.0/go.mod h1:LDGWKZIo7rky3hgvBe+caln+Dr3dPggB5dvjtD7w9+w= +github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.4.0 h1:5lQXD3cAg1OXBf4Wq03gTrXHeaV0TQvGfUooCfx1yqY= +github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.4.0/go.mod h1:oMQmHW1/JoDwqLtg57MGgP/Fb1CJEYF2imWWhWtMkYU= github.com/prometheus/common v0.4.1/go.mod h1:TNfzLD0ON7rHzMJeJkieUDPYmFC7Snx/y86RQel1bk4= github.com/prometheus/common v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Tlit/dnDKsSWFlCLTWaA1cyBgKHSMdTB80sz/V91rCo= github.com/prometheus/common v0.26.0/go.mod h1:M7rCNAaPfAosfx8veZJCuw84e35h3Cfd9VFqTh1DIvc=