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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><link href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/examples/customization/custom-errors/ rel=canonical><link href=../custom-configuration/ rel=prev><link href=../custom-headers/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.4.5"><title>Custom Errors - Ingress-Nginx Controller</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.6a10b989.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.356b1318.min.css><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet 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</span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> User Guide </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3_1> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3_1 id=__nav_3_1_label tabindex> <span class=md-ellipsis> NGINX Configuration </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> NGINX Configuration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../user-guide/nginx-configuration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Introduction </span> </a> </li> <li 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class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Auth </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../auth/basic/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Basic Authentication </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../auth/client-certs/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Client Certificate Authentication </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../auth/external-auth/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> External Basic Authentication </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../auth/oauth-external-auth/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> External OAUTH Authentication </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_5 checked> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_5 id=__nav_4_5_label tabindex> <span class=md-ellipsis> Customization </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_5_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Customization </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../configuration-snippets/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Configuration Snippets </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../custom-configuration/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Custom Configuration </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> Custom Errors </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Custom Errors </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#customized-default-backend class=md-nav__link> Customized default backend </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#ingress-controller-configuration class=md-nav__link> Ingress controller configuration </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#testing-error-pages class=md-nav__link> Testing error pages </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#maintenance-page class=md-nav__link> Maintenance page </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../custom-headers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Custom Headers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../external-auth-headers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> External authentication </span> </a> </li> <li 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class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> TLS termination </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../openpolicyagent/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Open Policy Agent rules </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../canary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Canary Deployments </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5 id=__nav_5_label tabindex> <span class=md-ellipsis> Developer Guide </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Developer Guide </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../developer-guide/getting-started/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Getting Started </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../developer-guide/code-overview/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Code Overview </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../faq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> FAQ </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#customized-default-backend class=md-nav__link> Customized default backend </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#ingress-controller-configuration class=md-nav__link> Ingress controller configuration </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#testing-error-pages class=md-nav__link> Testing error pages </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#maintenance-page class=md-nav__link> Maintenance page </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1 id=custom-errors>Custom Errors<a class=headerlink href=#custom-errors title="Permanent link"></a></h1> <p>This example demonstrates how to use a custom backend to render custom error pages.</p> <p>If you are using the Helm Chart, look at <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/main/docs/examples/customization/custom-errors/custom-default-backend.helm.values.yaml>example values</a> and don't forget to add the <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/main/docs/examples/customization/custom-errors/custom-default-backend-error_pages.configMap.yaml>ConfigMap</a> to your deployment. Otherwise, continue with <a href=#customized-default-backend>Customized default backend</a> manual deployment.</p> <h2 id=customized-default-backend>Customized default backend<a class=headerlink href=#customized-default-backend title="Permanent link"></a></h2> <p>First, create the custom <code>default-backend</code>. It will be used by the Ingress controller later on.</p> <p>To do that, you can take a look at the <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/main/docs/examples/customization/custom-errors/custom-default-backend.yaml>example manifest</a> in this project's GitHub repository.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>$ kubectl create -f custom-default-backend.yaml
service &quot;nginx-errors&quot; created
deployment.apps &quot;nginx-errors&quot; created
</code></pre></div> <p>This should have created a Deployment and a Service with the name <code>nginx-errors</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>$ kubectl get deploy,svc
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
deployment.apps/nginx-errors 1 1 1 10s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/nginx-errors ClusterIP 10.0.0.12 &lt;none&gt; 80/TCP 10s
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=ingress-controller-configuration>Ingress controller configuration<a class=headerlink href=#ingress-controller-configuration title="Permanent link"></a></h2> <p>If you do not already have an instance of the Ingress-Nginx Controller running, deploy it according to the <a href=../../../deploy/ >deployment guide</a>, then follow these steps:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Edit the <code>ingress-nginx-controller</code> Deployment and set the value of the <code>--default-backend-service</code> flag to the name of the newly created error backend.</p> </li> <li> <p>Edit the <code>ingress-nginx-controller</code> ConfigMap and create the key <code>custom-http-errors</code> with a value of <code>404,503</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Take note of the IP address assigned to the Ingress-Nginx Controller Service. <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>$ kubectl get svc ingress-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
ingress-nginx ClusterIP 10.0.0.13 &lt;none&gt; 80/TCP,443/TCP 10m
</code></pre></div></p> </li> </ol> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>The <code>ingress-nginx</code> Service is of type <code>ClusterIP</code> in this example. This may vary depending on your environment. Make sure you can use the Service to reach NGINX before proceeding with the rest of this example.</p> </div> <h2 id=testing-error-pages>Testing error pages<a class=headerlink href=#testing-error-pages title="Permanent link"></a></h2> <p>Let us send a couple of HTTP requests using cURL and validate everything is working as expected.</p> <p>A request to the default backend returns a 404 error with a custom message:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>$ curl -D- http://10.0.0.13/
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.13.12
Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2018 19:11:24 GMT
Content-Type: */*
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
&lt;span&gt;The page you&#39;re looking for could not be found.&lt;/span&gt;
</code></pre></div> <p>A request with a custom <code>Accept</code> header returns the corresponding document type (JSON):</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>$ curl -D- -H &#39;Accept: application/json&#39; http://10.0.0.13/
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.13.12
Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2018 19:12:36 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
{ &quot;message&quot;: &quot;The page you&#39;re looking for could not be found&quot; }
</code></pre></div> <p>To go further with this example, feel free to deploy your own applications and Ingress objects, and validate that the responses are still in the correct format when a backend returns 503 (eg. if you scale a Deployment down to 0 replica).</p> <h2 id=maintenance-page>Maintenance page<a class=headerlink href=#maintenance-page title="Permanent link"></a></h2> <p>You can also leverage custom error pages to set a <strong>"<em>Service under maintenance</em>" page</strong> for the whole cluster, useful to prevent users from accessing your services while you are performing planned scheduled maintenance.</p> <p>When enabled, the maintenance page is served to the clients with an HTTP <a href=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/503><strong>503 Service Unavailable</strong></a> response <strong>status code</strong>.</p> <p>To do that:</p> <ul> <li>Enable a <strong>custom error page for the 503 HTTP error</strong>, by following the guide above</li> <li>Set the value of the <code>--watch-namespace-selector</code> flag to the name of some non-existent namespace, e.g. <code>nonexistent-namespace</code></li> <li>This effectively prevents the NGINX Ingress Controller from reading <code>Ingress</code> resources from any namespace in the Kubernetes cluster</li> <li>Set your <code>location-snippet</code> to <code>return 503;</code>, to make the NGINX Ingress Controller always return the 503 HTTP error page for all the requests</li> </ul> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class=md-dialog data-md-component=dialog> <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div> </div> <script id=__config type=application/json>{"base": "../../..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections"], "search": "../../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script> <script src=../../../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js></script> </body> </html>
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