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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><link href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/faq/ rel=canonical><link href=../developer-guide/code-overview/ rel=prev><link rel=icon href=../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.4.5"><title>FAQ - Ingress-Nginx Controller</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../assets/stylesheets/main.6a10b989.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../assets/stylesheets/palette.356b1318.min.css><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../extra.css><script>__md_scope=new 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class=md-nav__item> <a href=../developer-guide/code-overview/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Code Overview </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> FAQ </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> FAQ </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#multi-tenant-kubernetes class=md-nav__link> Multi-tenant Kubernetes </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#multiple-controller-in-one-cluster class=md-nav__link> Multiple controller in one cluster </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Multiple controller in one cluster"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#i-cant-use-multiple-namespaces-what-should-i-do class=md-nav__link> I can't use multiple namespaces, what should I do? </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#retaining-client-ipaddress class=md-nav__link> Retaining Client IPAddress </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Retaining Client IPAddress"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#client-ipaddress-on-single-node-cluster class=md-nav__link> client-ipaddress on single-node cluster </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#client-ipaddress-l7 class=md-nav__link> client-ipaddress L7 </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#kubernetes-v122-migration class=md-nav__link> Kubernetes v1.22 Migration </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#validation-of-path class=md-nav__link> Validation Of path </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#why-is-chunking-not-working-since-controller-v110 class=md-nav__link> Why is chunking not working since controller v1.10 ? </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#multi-tenant-kubernetes class=md-nav__link> Multi-tenant Kubernetes </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#multiple-controller-in-one-cluster class=md-nav__link> Multiple controller in one cluster </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Multiple controller in one cluster"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#i-cant-use-multiple-namespaces-what-should-i-do class=md-nav__link> I can't use multiple namespaces, what should I do? </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#retaining-client-ipaddress class=md-nav__link> Retaining Client IPAddress </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Retaining Client IPAddress"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#client-ipaddress-on-single-node-cluster class=md-nav__link> client-ipaddress on single-node cluster </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#client-ipaddress-l7 class=md-nav__link> client-ipaddress L7 </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#kubernetes-v122-migration class=md-nav__link> Kubernetes v1.22 Migration </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#validation-of-path class=md-nav__link> Validation Of path </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#why-is-chunking-not-working-since-controller-v110 class=md-nav__link> Why is chunking not working since controller v1.10 ? </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1 id=faq>FAQ<a class=headerlink href=#faq title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h1> <h2 id=multi-tenant-kubernetes>Multi-tenant Kubernetes<a class=headerlink href=#multi-tenant-kubernetes title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h2> <p>Do not use in multi-tenant Kubernetes production installations. This project assumes that users that can create Ingress objects are administrators of the cluster.</p> <p>For example, the Ingress NGINX control plane has global and per Ingress configuration options that make it insecure, if enabled, in a multi-tenant environment. </p> <p>For example, enabling snippets, a global configuration, allows any Ingress object to run arbitrary Lua code that could affect the security of all Ingress objects that a controller is running. </p> <p>We changed the default to allow snippets to <code>false</code> in https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/pull/10393.</p> <h2 id=multiple-controller-in-one-cluster>Multiple controller in one cluster<a class=headerlink href=#multiple-controller-in-one-cluster title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h2> <p>Question - How can I easily install multiple instances of the ingress-nginx controller in the same cluster?</p> <p>You can install them in different namespaces.</p> <ul> <li>Create a new namespace</li> </ul> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>kubectl create namespace ingress-nginx-2
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</code></pre></div> <ul> <li>Use Helm to install the additional instance of the ingress controller</li> <li>Ensure you have Helm working (refer to the <a href=https://helm.sh/docs/ >Helm documentation</a>)</li> <li>We have to assume that you have the helm repo for the ingress-nginx controller already added to your Helm config. But, if you have not added the helm repo then you can do this to add the repo to your helm config;</li> </ul> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
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</code></pre></div> <ul> <li>Make sure you have updated the helm repo data;</li> </ul> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>helm repo update
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</code></pre></div> <ul> <li>Now, install an additional instance of the ingress-nginx controller like this:</li> </ul> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>helm install ingress-nginx-2 ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx \
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--namespace ingress-nginx-2 \
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--set controller.ingressClassResource.name=nginx-two \
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--set controller.ingressClass=nginx-two \
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--set controller.ingressClassResource.controllerValue="example.com/ingress-nginx-2" \
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--set controller.ingressClassResource.enabled=true \
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--set controller.ingressClassByName=true
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</code></pre></div> <p>If you need to install yet another instance, then repeat the procedure to create a new namespace, change the values such as names & namespaces (for example from "-2" to "-3"), or anything else that meets your needs.</p> <p>Note that <code>controller.ingressClassResource.name</code> and <code>controller.ingressClass</code> have to be set correctly. The first is to create the IngressClass object and the other is to modify the deployment of the actual ingress controller pod.</p> <h3 id=i-cant-use-multiple-namespaces-what-should-i-do>I can't use multiple namespaces, what should I do?<a class=headerlink href=#i-cant-use-multiple-namespaces-what-should-i-do title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h3> <p>If you need to install all instances in the same namespace, then you need to specify a different <strong>election id</strong>, like this:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>helm install ingress-nginx-2 ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx \
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--namespace kube-system \
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--set controller.electionID=nginx-two-leader \
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--set controller.ingressClassResource.name=nginx-two \
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--set controller.ingressClass=nginx-two \
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--set controller.ingressClassResource.controllerValue="example.com/ingress-nginx-2" \
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--set controller.ingressClassResource.enabled=true \
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--set controller.ingressClassByName=true
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</code></pre></div> <h2 id=retaining-client-ipaddress>Retaining Client IPAddress<a class=headerlink href=#retaining-client-ipaddress title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h2> <p>Question - How to obtain the real-client-ipaddress ?</p> <p>The goto solution for retaining the real-client IPaddress is to enable PROXY protocol.</p> <p>Enabling PROXY protocol has to be done on both, the Ingress NGINX controller, as well as the L4 load balancer, in front of the controller.</p> <p>The real-client IP address is lost by default, when traffic is forwarded over the network. But enabling PROXY protocol ensures that the connection details are retained and hence the real-client IP address doesn't get lost.</p> <p>Enabling proxy-protocol on the controller is documented <a href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/configmap/#use-proxy-protocol>here</a> .</p> <p>For enabling proxy-protocol on the LoadBalancer, please refer to the documentation of your infrastructure provider because that is where the LB is provisioned.</p> <p>Some more info available <a href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/miscellaneous/#source-ip-address>here</a></p> <p>Some more info on proxy-protocol is <a href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/miscellaneous/#proxy-protocol>here</a></p> <h3 id=client-ipaddress-on-single-node-cluster>client-ipaddress on single-node cluster<a class=headerlink href=#client-ipaddress-on-single-node-cluster title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h3> <p>Single node clusters are created for dev & test uses with tools like "kind" or "minikube". A trick to simulate a real use network with these clusters (kind or minikube) is to install Metallb and configure the ipaddress of the kind container or the minikube vm/container, as the starting and ending of the pool for Metallb in L2 mode. Then the host ip becomes a real client ipaddress, for curl requests sent from the host.</p> <p>After installing ingress-nginx controller on a kind or a minikube cluster with helm, you can configure it for real-client-ip with a simple change to the service that ingress-nginx controller creates. The service object of --type LoadBalancer has a field service.spec.externalTrafficPolicy. If you set the value of this field to "Local" then the real-ipaddress of a client is visible to the controller.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>% kubectl explain service.spec.externalTrafficPolicy
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KIND: Service
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VERSION: v1
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FIELD: externalTrafficPolicy <string>
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DESCRIPTION:
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externalTrafficPolicy describes how nodes distribute service traffic they
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receive on one of the Service's "externally-facing" addresses (NodePorts,
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ExternalIPs, and LoadBalancer IPs). If set to "Local", the proxy will
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configure the service in a way that assumes that external load balancers
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will take care of balancing the service traffic between nodes, and so each
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node will deliver traffic only to the node-local endpoints of the service,
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without masquerading the client source IP. (Traffic mistakenly sent to a
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node with no endpoints will be dropped.) The default value, "Cluster", uses
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the standard behavior of routing to all endpoints evenly (possibly modified
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|
by topology and other features). Note that traffic sent to an External IP or
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LoadBalancer IP from within the cluster will always get "Cluster" semantics,
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but clients sending to a NodePort from within the cluster may need to take
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traffic policy into account when picking a node.
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|
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Possible enum values:
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- `"Cluster"` routes traffic to all endpoints.
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- `"Local"` preserves the source IP of the traffic by routing only to
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endpoints on the same node as the traffic was received on (dropping the
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traffic if there are no local endpoints).
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</code></pre></div> <h3 id=client-ipaddress-l7>client-ipaddress L7<a class=headerlink href=#client-ipaddress-l7 title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h3> <p>The solution is to get the real client IPaddress from the <a href=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For>"X-Forward-For" HTTP header</a></p> <p>Example : If your application pod behind Ingress NGINX controller, uses the NGINX webserver and the reverseproxy inside it, then you can do the following to preserve the remote client IP.</p> <ul> <li> <p>First you need to make sure that the X-Forwarded-For header reaches the backend pod. This is done by using a Ingress NGINX conftroller ConfigMap key. Its documented <a href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/configmap/#use-forwarded-headers>here</a></p> </li> <li> <p>Next, edit <code>nginx.conf</code> file inside your app pod, to contain the directives shown below:</p> </li> </ul> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>set_real_ip_from 0.0.0.0/0; # Trust all IPs (use your VPC CIDR block in production)
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real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
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real_ip_recursive on;
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log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
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'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
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'"$http_user_agent" '
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'host=$host x-forwarded-for=$http_x_forwarded_for';
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
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</code></pre></div> <h2 id=kubernetes-v122-migration>Kubernetes v1.22 Migration<a class=headerlink href=#kubernetes-v122-migration title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h2> <p>If you are using Ingress objects in your cluster (running Kubernetes older than version 1.22), and you plan to upgrade your Kubernetes version to K8S 1.22 or above, then please read <a href=../user-guide/k8s-122-migration/ >the migration guide here</a>.</p> <h2 id=validation-of-path>Validation Of <strong><code>path</code></strong><a class=headerlink href=#validation-of-path title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h2> <ul> <li> <p>For improving security and also following desired standards on Kubernetes API spec, the next release, scheduled for v1.8.0, will include a new & optional feature of validating the value for the key <code>ingress.spec.rules.http.paths.path</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>This behavior will be disabled by default on the 1.8.0 release and enabled by default on the next breaking change release, set for 2.0.0.</p> </li> <li> <p>When "<code>ingress.spec.rules.http.pathType=Exact</code>" or "<code>pathType=Prefix</code>", this validation will limit the characters accepted on the field "<code>ingress.spec.rules.http.paths.path</code>", to "<code>alphanumeric characters</code>", and "<code>/</code>", "<code>_</code>", "<code>-</code>". Also, in this case, the path should start with "<code>/</code>".</p> </li> <li> <p>When the ingress resource path contains other characters (like on rewrite configurations), the pathType value should be "<code>ImplementationSpecific</code>".</p> </li> <li> <p>API Spec on pathType is documented <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/#path-types>here</a></p> </li> <li> <p>When this option is enabled, the validation will happen on the Admission Webhook. So if any new ingress object contains characters other than alphanumeric characters, and, "<code>/</code>", "<code>_</code>", "<code>-</code>", in the <code>path</code> field, but is not using <code>pathType</code> value as <code>ImplementationSpecific</code>, then the ingress object will be denied admission.</p> </li> <li> <p>The cluster admin should establish validation rules using mechanisms like "<code>Open Policy Agent</code>", to validate that only authorized users can use ImplementationSpecific pathType and that only the authorized characters can be used. <a href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/configmap/#strict-validate-path-type>The configmap value is here</a></p> </li> <li> <p>A complete example of an Openpolicyagent gatekeeper rule is available <a href=https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/examples/openpolicyagent/ >here</a></p> </li> <li> <p>If you have any issues or concerns, please do one of the following:</p> </li> <li>Open a GitHub issue</li> <li>Comment in our Dev Slack Channel</li> <li>Open a thread in our Google Group <a href=mailto:ingress-nginx-dev@kubernetes.io>ingress-nginx-dev@kubernetes.io</a></li> </ul> <h2 id=why-is-chunking-not-working-since-controller-v110>Why is chunking not working since controller v1.10 ?<a class=headerlink href=#why-is-chunking-not-working-since-controller-v110 title="Permanent link"> ¶</a></h2> <ul> <li> <p>If your code is setting the HTTP header <code>"Transfer-Encoding: chunked"</code> and the controller log messages show an error about duplicate header, it is because of this change <a href=http://hg.nginx.org/nginx/rev/2bf7792c262e>http://hg.nginx.org/nginx/rev/2bf7792c262e</a></p> </li> <li> <p>More details are available in this issue <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/issues/11162>https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/issues/11162</a></p> </li> </ul> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class=md-dialog data-md-component=dialog> <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div> </div> <script id=__config type=application/json>{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.f886a092.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script> <script src=../assets/javascripts/bundle.aecac24b.min.js></script> </body> </html> |