ZAP Scanning Report

Site: http://localhost:8080

Generated on Sun, 21 Jul 2024 03:17:02

ZAP Version: 2.15.0

ZAP is supported by the Crash Override Open Source Fellowship

Summary of Alerts

Risk Level Number of Alerts
High
0
Medium
4
Low
5
Informational
4
False Positives:
0

Alerts

Name Risk Level Number of Instances
Absence of Anti-CSRF Tokens Medium 4
Content Security Policy (CSP) Header Not Set Medium 9
Missing Anti-clickjacking Header Medium 9
Sub Resource Integrity Attribute Missing Medium 10
Application Error Disclosure Low 1
Cross-Domain JavaScript Source File Inclusion Low 12
Information Disclosure - Debug Error Messages Low 1
Permissions Policy Header Not Set Low 10
X-Content-Type-Options Header Missing Low 11
Information Disclosure - Suspicious Comments Informational 1
Non-Storable Content Informational 1
Storable and Cacheable Content Informational 10
User Controllable HTML Element Attribute (Potential XSS) Informational 6

Alert Detail

Medium
Absence of Anti-CSRF Tokens
Description
No Anti-CSRF tokens were found in a HTML submission form.

A cross-site request forgery is an attack that involves forcing a victim to send an HTTP request to a target destination without their knowledge or intent in order to perform an action as the victim. The underlying cause is application functionality using predictable URL/form actions in a repeatable way. The nature of the attack is that CSRF exploits the trust that a web site has for a user. By contrast, cross-site scripting (XSS) exploits the trust that a user has for a web site. Like XSS, CSRF attacks are not necessarily cross-site, but they can be. Cross-site request forgery is also known as CSRF, XSRF, one-click attack, session riding, confused deputy, and sea surf.

CSRF attacks are effective in a number of situations, including:

* The victim has an active session on the target site.

* The victim is authenticated via HTTP auth on the target site.

* The victim is on the same local network as the target site.

CSRF has primarily been used to perform an action against a target site using the victim's privileges, but recent techniques have been discovered to disclose information by gaining access to the response. The risk of information disclosure is dramatically increased when the target site is vulnerable to XSS, because XSS can be used as a platform for CSRF, allowing the attack to operate within the bounds of the same-origin policy.
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <form action="/owners" method="get" class="form-horizontal" id="search-owner-form">
Other Info No known Anti-CSRF token [anticsrf, CSRFToken, __RequestVerificationToken, csrfmiddlewaretoken, authenticity_token, OWASP_CSRFTOKEN, anoncsrf, csrf_token, _csrf, _csrfSecret, __csrf_magic, CSRF, _token, _csrf_token] was found in the following HTML form: [Form 1: "lastName" ].
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <form class="form-horizontal" id="add-owner-form" method="post">
Other Info No known Anti-CSRF token [anticsrf, CSRFToken, __RequestVerificationToken, csrfmiddlewaretoken, authenticity_token, OWASP_CSRFTOKEN, anoncsrf, csrf_token, _csrf, _csrfSecret, __csrf_magic, CSRF, _token, _csrf_token] was found in the following HTML form: [Form 1: "address" "city" "firstName" "lastName" "telephone" ].
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <form action="/owners" method="get" class="form-horizontal" id="search-owner-form">
Other Info No known Anti-CSRF token [anticsrf, CSRFToken, __RequestVerificationToken, csrfmiddlewaretoken, authenticity_token, OWASP_CSRFTOKEN, anoncsrf, csrf_token, _csrf, _csrfSecret, __csrf_magic, CSRF, _token, _csrf_token] was found in the following HTML form: [Form 1: "lastName" ].
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <form class="form-horizontal" id="add-owner-form" method="post">
Other Info No known Anti-CSRF token [anticsrf, CSRFToken, __RequestVerificationToken, csrfmiddlewaretoken, authenticity_token, OWASP_CSRFTOKEN, anoncsrf, csrf_token, _csrf, _csrfSecret, __csrf_magic, CSRF, _token, _csrf_token] was found in the following HTML form: [Form 1: "address" "city" "firstName" "lastName" "telephone" ].
Instances 4
Solution
Phase: Architecture and Design

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.

For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard.

Phase: Implementation

Ensure that your application is free of cross-site scripting issues, because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Phase: Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Note that this can be bypassed using XSS.

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Note that this can be bypassed using XSS.

Use the ESAPI Session Management control.

This control includes a component for CSRF.

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Phase: Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
Reference https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/352.html
CWE Id 352
WASC Id 9
Plugin Id 10202
Medium
Content Security Policy (CSP) Header Not Set
Description
Content Security Policy (CSP) is an added layer of security that helps to detect and mitigate certain types of attacks, including Cross Site Scripting (XSS) and data injection attacks. These attacks are used for everything from data theft to site defacement or distribution of malware. CSP provides a set of standard HTTP headers that allow website owners to declare approved sources of content that browsers should be allowed to load on that page — covered types are JavaScript, CSS, HTML frames, fonts, images and embeddable objects such as Java applets, ActiveX, audio and video files.
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html?page=1
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html?page=2
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
Instances 9
Solution
Ensure that your web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is configured to set the Content-Security-Policy header.
Reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/CSP/Introducing_Content_Security_Policy
https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Content_Security_Policy_Cheat_Sheet.html
https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP/
https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/
https://web.dev/articles/csp
https://caniuse.com/#feat=contentsecuritypolicy
https://content-security-policy.com/
CWE Id 693
WASC Id 15
Plugin Id 10038
Medium
Missing Anti-clickjacking Header
Description
The response does not include either Content-Security-Policy with 'frame-ancestors' directive or X-Frame-Options to protect against 'ClickJacking' attacks.
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html?page=1
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html?page=2
Method GET
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter x-frame-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
Instances 9
Solution
Modern Web browsers support the Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options HTTP headers. Ensure one of them is set on all web pages returned by your site/app.

If you expect the page to be framed only by pages on your server (e.g. it's part of a FRAMESET) then you'll want to use SAMEORIGIN, otherwise if you never expect the page to be framed, you should use DENY. Alternatively consider implementing Content Security Policy's "frame-ancestors" directive.
Reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Frame-Options
CWE Id 1021
WASC Id 15
Plugin Id 10020
Medium
Sub Resource Integrity Attribute Missing
Description
The integrity attribute is missing on a script or link tag served by an external server. The integrity tag prevents an attacker who have gained access to this server from injecting a malicious content.
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
Instances 10
Solution
Provide a valid integrity attribute to the tag.
Reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity
CWE Id 345
WASC Id 15
Plugin Id 90003
Low
Application Error Disclosure
Description
This page contains an error/warning message that may disclose sensitive information like the location of the file that produced the unhandled exception. This information can be used to launch further attacks against the web application. The alert could be a false positive if the error message is found inside a documentation page.
URL http://localhost:8080/oups
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence HTTP/1.1 500
Other Info
Instances 1
Solution
Review the source code of this page. Implement custom error pages. Consider implementing a mechanism to provide a unique error reference/identifier to the client (browser) while logging the details on the server side and not exposing them to the user.
Reference
CWE Id 200
WASC Id 13
Plugin Id 90022
Low
Cross-Domain JavaScript Source File Inclusion
Description
The page includes one or more script files from a third-party domain.
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js
Attack
Evidence <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
Other Info
Instances 12
Solution
Ensure JavaScript source files are loaded from only trusted sources, and the sources can't be controlled by end users of the application.
Reference
CWE Id 829
WASC Id 15
Plugin Id 10017
Low
Information Disclosure - Debug Error Messages
Description
The response appeared to contain common error messages returned by platforms such as ASP.NET, and Web-servers such as IIS and Apache. You can configure the list of common debug messages.
URL http://localhost:8080/oups
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence Internal Server Error
Other Info
Instances 1
Solution
Disable debugging messages before pushing to production.
Reference
CWE Id 200
WASC Id 13
Plugin Id 10023
Low
Permissions Policy Header Not Set
Description
Permissions Policy Header is an added layer of security that helps to restrict from unauthorized access or usage of browser/client features by web resources. This policy ensures the user privacy by limiting or specifying the features of the browsers can be used by the web resources. Permissions Policy provides a set of standard HTTP headers that allow website owners to limit which features of browsers can be used by the page such as camera, microphone, location, full screen etc.
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html?page=1
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/vets.html?page=2
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/webjars/bootstrap/5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info
Instances 10
Solution
Ensure that your web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is configured to set the Permissions-Policy header.
Reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Permissions-Policy
https://developer.chrome.com/blog/feature-policy/
https://scotthelme.co.uk/a-new-security-header-feature-policy/
https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-feature-policy/
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/12/feature-policy/
CWE Id 693
WASC Id 15
Plugin Id 10063
Low
X-Content-Type-Options Header Missing
Description
The Anti-MIME-Sniffing header X-Content-Type-Options was not set to 'nosniff'. This allows older versions of Internet Explorer and Chrome to perform MIME-sniffing on the response body, potentially causing the response body to be interpreted and displayed as a content type other than the declared content type. Current (early 2014) and legacy versions of Firefox will use the declared content type (if one is set), rather than performing MIME-sniffing.
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/css/petclinic.css
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/images/favicon.png
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/images/pets.png
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/images/spring-logo.svg
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/webjars/bootstrap/5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
URL http://localhost:8080/webjars/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css
Method GET
Parameter x-content-type-options
Attack
Evidence
Other Info This issue still applies to error type pages (401, 403, 500, etc.) as those pages are often still affected by injection issues, in which case there is still concern for browsers sniffing pages away from their actual content type. At "High" threshold this scan rule will not alert on client or server error responses.
Instances 11
Solution
Ensure that the application/web server sets the Content-Type header appropriately, and that it sets the X-Content-Type-Options header to 'nosniff' for all web pages.

If possible, ensure that the end user uses a standards-compliant and modern web browser that does not perform MIME-sniffing at all, or that can be directed by the web application/web server to not perform MIME-sniffing.
Reference https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/compatibility/gg622941(v=vs.85)
https://owasp.org/www-community/Security_Headers
CWE Id 693
WASC Id 15
Plugin Id 10021
Informational
Information Disclosure - Suspicious Comments
Description
The response appears to contain suspicious comments which may help an attacker. Note: Matches made within script blocks or files are against the entire content not only comments.
URL http://localhost:8080/webjars/bootstrap/5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence select
Other Info The following pattern was used: \bSELECT\b and was detected in the element starting with: "!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?def", see evidence field for the suspicious comment/snippet.
Instances 1
Solution
Remove all comments that return information that may help an attacker and fix any underlying problems they refer to.
Reference
CWE Id 200
WASC Id 13
Plugin Id 10027
Informational
Non-Storable Content
Description
The response contents are not storable by caching components such as proxy servers. If the response does not contain sensitive, personal or user-specific information, it may benefit from being stored and cached, to improve performance.
URL http://localhost:8080/oups
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence 500
Other Info
Instances 1
Solution
The content may be marked as storable by ensuring that the following conditions are satisfied:

The request method must be understood by the cache and defined as being cacheable ("GET", "HEAD", and "POST" are currently defined as cacheable)

The response status code must be understood by the cache (one of the 1XX, 2XX, 3XX, 4XX, or 5XX response classes are generally understood)

The "no-store" cache directive must not appear in the request or response header fields

For caching by "shared" caches such as "proxy" caches, the "private" response directive must not appear in the response

For caching by "shared" caches such as "proxy" caches, the "Authorization" header field must not appear in the request, unless the response explicitly allows it (using one of the "must-revalidate", "public", or "s-maxage" Cache-Control response directives)

In addition to the conditions above, at least one of the following conditions must also be satisfied by the response:

It must contain an "Expires" header field

It must contain a "max-age" response directive

For "shared" caches such as "proxy" caches, it must contain a "s-maxage" response directive

It must contain a "Cache Control Extension" that allows it to be cached

It must have a status code that is defined as cacheable by default (200, 203, 204, 206, 300, 301, 404, 405, 410, 414, 501).
Reference https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7234
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231
https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html
CWE Id 524
WASC Id 13
Plugin Id 10049
Informational
Storable and Cacheable Content
Description
The response contents are storable by caching components such as proxy servers, and may be retrieved directly from the cache, rather than from the origin server by the caching servers, in response to similar requests from other users. If the response data is sensitive, personal or user-specific, this may result in sensitive information being leaked. In some cases, this may even result in a user gaining complete control of the session of another user, depending on the configuration of the caching components in use in their environment. This is primarily an issue where "shared" caching servers such as "proxy" caches are configured on the local network. This configuration is typically found in corporate or educational environments, for instance.
URL http://localhost:8080
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info In the absence of an explicitly specified caching lifetime directive in the response, a liberal lifetime heuristic of 1 year was assumed. This is permitted by rfc7234.
URL http://localhost:8080/
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info In the absence of an explicitly specified caching lifetime directive in the response, a liberal lifetime heuristic of 1 year was assumed. This is permitted by rfc7234.
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/find
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info In the absence of an explicitly specified caching lifetime directive in the response, a liberal lifetime heuristic of 1 year was assumed. This is permitted by rfc7234.
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/css/petclinic.css
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence max-age=43200
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/images/favicon.png
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence max-age=43200
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/images/pets.png
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence max-age=43200
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/resources/images/spring-logo.svg
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence max-age=43200
Other Info
URL http://localhost:8080/robots.txt
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info In the absence of an explicitly specified caching lifetime directive in the response, a liberal lifetime heuristic of 1 year was assumed. This is permitted by rfc7234.
URL http://localhost:8080/sitemap.xml
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence
Other Info In the absence of an explicitly specified caching lifetime directive in the response, a liberal lifetime heuristic of 1 year was assumed. This is permitted by rfc7234.
URL http://localhost:8080/webjars/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css
Method GET
Parameter
Attack
Evidence max-age=43200
Other Info
Instances 10
Solution
Validate that the response does not contain sensitive, personal or user-specific information. If it does, consider the use of the following HTTP response headers, to limit, or prevent the content being stored and retrieved from the cache by another user:

Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, private

Pragma: no-cache

Expires: 0

This configuration directs both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1 compliant caching servers to not store the response, and to not retrieve the response (without validation) from the cache, in response to a similar request.
Reference https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7234
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231
https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html
CWE Id 524
WASC Id 13
Plugin Id 10049
Informational
User Controllable HTML Element Attribute (Potential XSS)
Description
This check looks at user-supplied input in query string parameters and POST data to identify where certain HTML attribute values might be controlled. This provides hot-spot detection for XSS (cross-site scripting) that will require further review by a security analyst to determine exploitability.
URL http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP
Method GET
Parameter lastName
Attack
Evidence
Other Info User-controlled HTML attribute values were found. Try injecting special characters to see if XSS might be possible. The page at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/owners?lastName=ZAP appears to include user input in: a(n) [input] tag [value] attribute The user input found was: lastName=ZAP The user-controlled value was: zap
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter address
Attack
Evidence
Other Info User-controlled HTML attribute values were found. Try injecting special characters to see if XSS might be possible. The page at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/owners/new appears to include user input in: a(n) [input] tag [value] attribute The user input found was: address=688 Zaproxy Ridge The user-controlled value was: 688 zaproxy ridge
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter city
Attack
Evidence
Other Info User-controlled HTML attribute values were found. Try injecting special characters to see if XSS might be possible. The page at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/owners/new appears to include user input in: a(n) [input] tag [value] attribute The user input found was: city=East Romaineburgh The user-controlled value was: east romaineburgh
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter firstName
Attack
Evidence
Other Info User-controlled HTML attribute values were found. Try injecting special characters to see if XSS might be possible. The page at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/owners/new appears to include user input in: a(n) [input] tag [value] attribute The user input found was: firstName=ZAP The user-controlled value was: zap
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter lastName
Attack
Evidence
Other Info User-controlled HTML attribute values were found. Try injecting special characters to see if XSS might be possible. The page at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/owners/new appears to include user input in: a(n) [input] tag [value] attribute The user input found was: lastName=ZAP The user-controlled value was: zap
URL http://localhost:8080/owners/new
Method POST
Parameter telephone
Attack
Evidence
Other Info User-controlled HTML attribute values were found. Try injecting special characters to see if XSS might be possible. The page at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/owners/new appears to include user input in: a(n) [input] tag [value] attribute The user input found was: telephone=ZAP The user-controlled value was: zap
Instances 6
Solution
Validate all input and sanitize output it before writing to any HTML attributes.
Reference https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Input_Validation_Cheat_Sheet.html
CWE Id 20
WASC Id 20
Plugin Id 10031