diff --git a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java
index 0e2dcde7d..3c9632710 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ package org.springframework.samples.petclinic.owner;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-
 import javax.validation.Valid;
-
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
 import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
@@ -74,10 +72,9 @@ class OwnerController {
 		if (result.hasErrors()) {
 			return VIEWS_OWNER_CREATE_OR_UPDATE_FORM;
 		}
-		else {
-			this.owners.save(owner);
-			return "redirect:/owners/" + owner.getId();
-		}
+
+		this.owners.save(owner);
+		return "redirect:/owners/" + owner.getId();
 	}
 
 	@GetMapping("/owners/find")
@@ -89,7 +86,6 @@ class OwnerController {
 	@GetMapping("/owners")
 	public String processFindForm(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") int page, Owner owner, BindingResult result,
 			Model model) {
-
 		// allow parameterless GET request for /owners to return all records
 		if (owner.getLastName() == null) {
 			owner.setLastName(""); // empty string signifies broadest possible search
@@ -102,15 +98,15 @@ class OwnerController {
 			result.rejectValue("lastName", "notFound", "not found");
 			return "owners/findOwners";
 		}
-		else if (ownersResults.getTotalElements() == 1) {
+
+		if (ownersResults.getTotalElements() == 1) {
 			// 1 owner found
 			owner = ownersResults.iterator().next();
 			return "redirect:/owners/" + owner.getId();
 		}
-		else {
-			// multiple owners found
-			return addPaginationModel(page, model, ownersResults);
-		}
+
+		// multiple owners found
+		return addPaginationModel(page, model, ownersResults);
 	}
 
 	private String addPaginationModel(int page, Model model, Page<Owner> paginated) {
@@ -124,11 +120,9 @@ class OwnerController {
 	}
 
 	private Page<Owner> findPaginatedForOwnersLastName(int page, String lastname) {
-
 		int pageSize = 5;
 		Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page - 1, pageSize);
 		return owners.findByLastName(lastname, pageable);
-
 	}
 
 	@GetMapping("/owners/{ownerId}/edit")
@@ -144,11 +138,10 @@ class OwnerController {
 		if (result.hasErrors()) {
 			return VIEWS_OWNER_CREATE_OR_UPDATE_FORM;
 		}
-		else {
-			owner.setId(ownerId);
-			this.owners.save(owner);
-			return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
-		}
+
+		owner.setId(ownerId);
+		this.owners.save(owner);
+		return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
 	}
 
 	/**
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/PetController.java b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/PetController.java
index b511a9e55..2feae7ee2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/PetController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/PetController.java
@@ -15,15 +15,19 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.samples.petclinic.owner;
 
+import java.util.Collection;
+import javax.validation.Valid;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
-
-import javax.validation.Valid;
-import java.util.Collection;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 
 /**
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
@@ -81,15 +85,15 @@ class PetController {
 		if (StringUtils.hasLength(pet.getName()) && pet.isNew() && owner.getPet(pet.getName(), true) != null) {
 			result.rejectValue("name", "duplicate", "already exists");
 		}
+
 		owner.addPet(pet);
 		if (result.hasErrors()) {
 			model.put("pet", pet);
 			return VIEWS_PETS_CREATE_OR_UPDATE_FORM;
 		}
-		else {
-			this.owners.save(owner);
-			return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
-		}
+
+		this.owners.save(owner);
+		return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
 	}
 
 	@GetMapping("/pets/{petId}/edit")
@@ -105,11 +109,10 @@ class PetController {
 			model.put("pet", pet);
 			return VIEWS_PETS_CREATE_OR_UPDATE_FORM;
 		}
-		else {
-			owner.addPet(pet);
-			this.owners.save(owner);
-			return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
-		}
+
+		owner.addPet(pet);
+		this.owners.save(owner);
+		return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/VisitController.java b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/VisitController.java
index ede3b8ada..610a3c5b4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/VisitController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/VisitController.java
@@ -60,9 +60,11 @@ class VisitController {
 	public Visit loadPetWithVisit(@PathVariable("ownerId") int ownerId, @PathVariable("petId") int petId,
 			Map<String, Object> model) {
 		Owner owner = this.owners.findById(ownerId);
+
 		Pet pet = owner.getPet(petId);
 		model.put("pet", pet);
 		model.put("owner", owner);
+
 		Visit visit = new Visit();
 		pet.addVisit(visit);
 		return visit;
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ class VisitController {
 	// Spring MVC calls method loadPetWithVisit(...) before initNewVisitForm is
 	// called
 	@GetMapping("/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/visits/new")
-	public String initNewVisitForm(@PathVariable("petId") int petId, Map<String, Object> model) {
+	public String initNewVisitForm() {
 		return "pets/createOrUpdateVisitForm";
 	}
 
@@ -83,11 +85,10 @@ class VisitController {
 		if (result.hasErrors()) {
 			return "pets/createOrUpdateVisitForm";
 		}
-		else {
-			owner.addVisit(petId, visit);
-			this.owners.save(owner);
-			return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
-		}
+
+		owner.addVisit(petId, visit);
+		this.owners.save(owner);
+		return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}";
 	}
 
 }