diff --git a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java
index fa3506456..4e18f0e4b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/owner/OwnerController.java
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * See the License for specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 package org.springframework.samples.petclinic.owner;
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
 class OwnerController {
 
 	private static final String VIEWS_OWNER_CREATE_OR_UPDATE_FORM = "owners/createOrUpdateOwnerForm";
+	private static final String ERROR_ATTRIBUTE = "error";
+	private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_CREATE = "There was an error in creating the owner.";
+	private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_UPDATE = "There was an error in updating the owner.";
 
 	private final OwnerRepository owners;
 
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ class OwnerController {
 	@PostMapping("/owners/new")
 	public String processCreationForm(@Valid Owner owner, BindingResult result, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
 		if (result.hasErrors()) {
-			redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("error", "There was an error in creating the owner.");
+			redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute(ERROR_ATTRIBUTE, ERROR_MESSAGE_CREATE);
 			return VIEWS_OWNER_CREATE_OR_UPDATE_FORM;
 		}
 
@@ -139,13 +142,13 @@ class OwnerController {
 	public String processUpdateOwnerForm(@Valid Owner owner, BindingResult result, @PathVariable("ownerId") int ownerId,
 			RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
 		if (result.hasErrors()) {
-			redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("error", "There was an error in updating the owner.");
+			redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute(ERROR_ATTRIBUTE, ERROR_MESSAGE_UPDATE);
 			return VIEWS_OWNER_CREATE_OR_UPDATE_FORM;
 		}
 
 		if (owner.getId() != ownerId) {
 			result.rejectValue("id", "mismatch", "The owner ID in the form does not match the URL.");
-			redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("error", "Owner ID mismatch. Please try again.");
+			redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute(ERROR_ATTRIBUTE, "Owner ID mismatch. Please try again.");
 			return "redirect:/owners/{ownerId}/edit";
 		}
 
@@ -170,4 +173,4 @@ class OwnerController {
 		return mav;
 	}
 
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file